thwart
UK: θwɔːt | US: θwɔːrt
vt. to prevent someone from accomplishing something; to oppose or hinder deliberately
adj. situated or placed across something else; transverse
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The word "thwart" originated from Old Norse þvert, the neuter form of þverr, meaning "across" or "transverse." It entered Middle English as thwert, initially describing physical positioning (e.g., a thwart in a boat, a seat placed crosswise). Over time, its meaning expanded metaphorically to signify obstruction or opposition, reflecting the idea of "crossing" someone's plans. The dual sense (physical and metaphorical) persists in modern usage.
The police thwarted the robbery attempt.
She sat on the thwart, rowing steadily across the lake.
His plans were thwarted by unexpected delays.
The detective worked tirelessly to thwart the criminal's scheme.
A thwart wind made sailing difficult.