top-down
UK: ˌtɒp ˈdaʊn | US: ˌtɑːp ˈdaʊn
adj. describing an approach or method that starts from the highest level and proceeds to lower levels
adj. relating to a hierarchical structure where control or planning originates at the top
adv. in a manner that moves from the general to the specific
The term "top-down" emerged in the mid-20th century, combining "top" (Old English "topp," meaning the highest part) and "down" (Old English "dūne," derived from "of dūne," meaning "from the hill"). It originally described physical movement from higher to lower positions but evolved into a metaphor for hierarchical systems, particularly in management, software design, and problem-solving. The logic reflects a literal progression—starting with broad overviews (top) before drilling into details (down).
The company adopted a top-down management style, with decisions made exclusively by executives.
In top-down programming, developers first design the main framework before coding individual modules.
The teacher used a top-down approach to explain the topic, beginning with general concepts.
Critics argue that top-down policies often ignore grassroots needs.
The report was written in a top-down manner, summarizing key findings before delving into data.