toughen
UK: ˈtʌfn | US: ˈtʌfn
vt. to make or become tougher (more durable, resilient, or strict)
vi. to grow stronger or more resistant
The word "toughen" combines the adjective "tough" (from Old English tōh, meaning "strong, tenacious") with the verb-forming suffix "-en," which originates from Old English -nian. This suffix was used to create verbs meaning "to make or become" a certain quality. Over time, "toughen" evolved to describe the process of making something physically stronger (e.g., materials) or metaphorically more resilient (e.g., policies or attitudes). The logic is straightforward: adding "-en" to "tough" transforms a state into an action.
The leather was treated to toughen it against wear and tear.
Military training is designed to toughen recruits both physically and mentally.
Exposure to challenges will toughen your problem-solving skills.
The new regulations aim to toughen safety standards in the industry.
Over time, her resolve toughened despite the setbacks.