trauma
UK: ˈtrɔːmə | US: ˈtrɑːmə
n. a severe emotional shock or distress caused by a deeply disturbing experience
n. (Medicine) a physical injury or wound, especially one caused by external force
The word "trauma" originates from the Greek traûma (τραῦμα), meaning "wound" or "injury." It entered English via Latin in the late 17th century, initially referring to physical wounds. By the 19th century, its meaning expanded in psychology to describe emotional or psychological wounds, reflecting the lasting impact of distressing experiences. The dual meaning—physical and emotional—highlights the conceptual link between bodily harm and mental suffering.
The accident left him with both physical trauma and emotional scars.
Childhood trauma can have long-term effects on mental health.
Surgeons treated the trauma caused by the car crash.
Therapy helped her process the trauma of losing a loved one.
PTSD is often linked to unresolved trauma.