turbulence
UK: ˈtɜːbjələns | US: ˈtɜːrbjələns
n. 1. Irregular or violent movement of air or water, causing disturbance.
n. 2. A state of confusion, instability, or disorder.
n. 3. (Physics) The chaotic flow of fluids or gases characterized by eddies and vortices.
turbulence = turb<disturb> + ulence<noun suffix indicating state or quality>
- turb (from Latin turbare, meaning "to disturb, agitate")
- ulence (a noun-forming suffix derived from Latin -ulentus, indicating abundance or state)
Etymology Origin:
The word "turbulence" traces back to Latin turbulentus, meaning "full of confusion or disorder," from turbare ("to disturb"). The root turb- reflects agitation, seen in related words like "disturb" or "perturb." Over time, the suffix -ulence evolved to denote a state of being, emphasizing chaotic motion or unrest. The term initially described physical disturbances (e.g., stormy weather) and later expanded metaphorically to social or emotional upheaval.
The flight was delayed due to severe air turbulence.
Political turbulence followed the unexpected election results.
The river’s turbulence made it unsafe for swimming.
Turbulence in the stock market worried investors.
Scientists study fluid turbulence to improve aerodynamic designs.