undermine
UK: ˌʌndəˈmaɪn | US: ˌʌndərˈmaɪn
vt. to weaken or damage gradually, often secretly or subtly
vt. to erode the base or foundation of something (literally or figuratively)
undermine = under<below> + mine<dig>
- under (from Old English under, meaning "beneath, below")
- mine (from Old French miner, meaning "to dig," derived from Latin minare, "to drive or lead animals to work")
Etymology Origin:
The word undermine originated in the 14th century, combining under (indicating position below) and mine (referring to digging). Originally, it described the literal act of digging beneath a structure (e.g., a castle wall) to weaken it—a common siege tactic. Over time, it evolved metaphorically to describe any gradual or covert weakening of authority, health, or stability. The logic is clear: just as physical digging undermines foundations, hidden actions can erode trust or strength.
Persistent rumors can undermine a leader's credibility.
The constant stress began to undermine her health.
The river's currents slowly undermined the bridge's supports.
Corruption undermines public trust in government.
His harsh criticism was meant to undermine her confidence.