upper
UK: ˈʌpə | US: ˈʌpər
adj. higher in place, position, or rank
adj. situated above another part
n. the part of a shoe or boot above the sole
n. (informal) a stimulant drug, especially an amphetamine
The word "upper" originates from the Old English "upp," meaning "higher" or "above," combined with the comparative suffix "-er," which denotes a higher degree. This construction reflects a straightforward evolution from spatial positioning to broader metaphorical uses (e.g., social rank). The term has retained its core meaning of elevation while expanding into contexts like footwear ("shoe upper") and slang ("uppers" for stimulants).
She lives in the upper floor of the building.
The upper management approved the new policy.
The leather upper of these boots is very durable.
He took uppers to stay awake during the exam.
The upper atmosphere contains less oxygen.