withholding
UK: wɪðˈhəʊldɪŋ | US: wɪðˈhoʊldɪŋ
n. the act of refusing to give something that is due or expected
vt. the present participle of "withhold," meaning to hold back, restrain, or refuse to grant
The word "withhold" combines the Old English prefix "with-" (meaning "against" or "back") and "hold" (from Old English "healdan," meaning "to grasp or keep"). Originally, it implied physically holding something back. Over time, it evolved to include abstract restraint, such as withholding information or payment. The "-ing" suffix forms the present participle or gerund, indicating an ongoing action.
The company is withholding bonuses due to budget cuts.
She accused him of withholding important details.
Tax withholding is deducted from employees' paychecks.
The judge criticized the witness for withholding evidence.
His withholding of affection strained their relationship.