wreak
UK: riːk | US: riːk
vt. to cause (harm, damage, or havoc) deliberately or violently
vt. to inflict (vengeance or punishment)
The word "wreak" traces back to Old English wrecan, meaning "to drive, punish, or avenge." It shares roots with Old Norse reka (to drive, avenge) and Gothic wrikan (to persecute). Originally, it conveyed forceful action, often in the context of vengeance or retribution. Over time, its meaning narrowed to focus on inflicting harm or punishment, retaining its violent undertones. The modern usage preserves this sense of deliberate, often destructive action (e.g., "wreak havoc").
The storm wreaked destruction across the coastal towns.
He vowed to wreak vengeance on those who betrayed him.
The invasive species has wreaked ecological damage in the region.
The rebels sought to wreak chaos in the capital.
She warned that the policy would wreak financial hardship on families.